Joints of the Lower Limb

Overview

The joints of the lower limb support stability and mobility during standing and locomotion. This section introduces the major articulations from hip to toes.

Key Structures

Articles describe the hip, knee, proximal and distal tibiofibular joints, ankle and joints of the foot. Ligaments, movements and stabilising structures are outlined clearly.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Joint anatomy is essential for assessing instability, degenerative change and acute injury. The topics support interpretation of examination findings and orthopaedic decision-making.

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Illustration of the hip joint's articulating surfaces, featuring the pelvic acetabulum and head of the femur.

The Hip Joint

The Knee Joint

Posterior view of the left proximal tibiofibular joint.

Tibiofibular Joints

Anatomical illustration of the tibia, fibula, and talus bones of the ankle joint, indicating the calcaneus is not included.

The Ankle Joint

Illustration of the subtalar joint and interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.

The Subtalar Joint

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Simplified illustration of the mesentery connecting the small and large intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.
The Accessory Organs of the Abdomen

The Mesentery

by Reshma Joseph

Illustration of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall, highlighting the aponeuroses formed by the flat muscles.
Encyclopaedia

Rectus Abdominis

by Aren Mnatzakanian

Bony landmarks and foramina of the posterior cranial fossa.
The Cranial Fossae

The Posterior Cranial Fossa

by Briony Adams