Upper Limb – Additional Structures

Overview

Beyond muscles and bones, several specialised structures contribute to the fine control and stability of the upper limb. This section introduces the connective and supporting tissues that enhance precision and dexterity.

Key Structures

Articles include the anatomy of the nail unit, extensor tendon expansion, flexor pulley system, and the fascia and ligaments of the hand. Each topic details structural organisation and its role in movement efficiency.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Understanding these smaller but significant anatomical components is key for diagnosing hand injuries, tendon disorders and surgical repair planning. The section bridges micro-anatomical detail with functional and clinical relevance.

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Anatomical diagram of the fascia and ligaments on the palmar aspect of the hand.

Fascia and Ligaments of the Hand

Lateral view of the extensor apparatus of the hand, highlighting the insertion points of the lumbrical and interossei muscles.

The Extensor Expansion of the Hand

The Nail Unit

The Flexor Pulley System of the Hand

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Diagram illustrating the course and branches of the infraorbital nerve, including the inferior palpebral and superior labial nerves.
Encyclopaedia

Superior Labial Nerve

by Melissa Phu

Illustration of the first layer of plantar muscles in the foot, showing the flexor digitorum beneath the cut plantar aponeurosis.
Encyclopaedia

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

by Sanya Trikha

Tissue Ultrastructure

The Hair Follicle

by Pratham Dalwadi