Nerves of the Head

Overview

The nerves of the head provide sensory input, autonomic control and motor function. This section outlines the major pathways that supply the face, scalp and associated structures.

Key Structures

Topics include sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, and the branches of the trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Knowledge of head nerve pathways supports diagnosis of neuralgia, autonomic dysfunction and sensory loss. This anatomy underpins cranial nerve examination and interpretation of nerve lesions.

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Illustration of the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, related to sympathetic innervation of the head and neck.

Sympathetic Innervation to the Head and Neck

Overview of the parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck, illustrating the associated structures and pathways.

Parasympathetic Innervation to the Head and Neck

Anatomical illustration of the ophthalmic nerve's course and its nervous supply to the orbit, detailing connections with the maxillary nerve, excluding unlabelled orbital nerves.

The Ophthalmic Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CNV1)

Illustration showing the origin of the trigeminal nerve, highlighting the nuclei within the CNS and the ganglia outside the CNS.

The Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CNV2)

Diagram illustrating the anatomical course of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves, highlighting their close proximity and the section of the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canal.

The Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CNV3)

Popular

Diagram illustrating the branches of the superficial temporal artery.
Encyclopaedia

Superficial Temporal Artery

by Emily West

An anatomical illustration of the right side of the head and neck showing the posterior auricular vein and tributaries in blue, with the retromandibular vein in purple and external jugular vein in green.
Encyclopaedia

Posterior Auricular Vein

by Jared Tang

Illustration of the anterior thigh muscles, color-coded with a legend identifying psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, sartorius, and pectineus.
Encyclopaedia

Sartorius

by Dr Oliver Jones