Muscles of the Back

Overview

The muscles of the back support posture, control spinal movements and assist in upper limb function. This section introduces the layered organisation of the back musculature and explains the coordinated roles of the superficial, intermediate and deep groups.

Key Structures

Topics include the superficial muscles, which connect the upper limb to the trunk; the intermediate muscles, involved in respiratory movement; and the deep muscles, which stabilise and move the vertebral column. Each article outlines attachments, innervation and functional roles.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Back muscle anatomy is vital for assessing musculoskeletal pain, postural dysfunction and spinal movement disorders. Knowledge of these layers supports clinical reasoning, examination and rehabilitation planning.