The Gastrointestinal Tract

Overview

The gastrointestinal tract processes food from ingestion to excretion and occupies much of the abdominal cavity. This section introduces the structure and organisation of its main components, highlighting their roles in digestion and absorption.

Key Structures

Topics cover the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, caecum, colon, rectum and anal canal, with emphasis on anatomical relationships, vascular supply and functional adaptations.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Understanding GI anatomy is vital for evaluating abdominal pain, obstruction, inflammatory disease and gastrointestinal bleeding. It supports interpretation of imaging and planning of endoscopic or surgical interventions.

+ Read more
Posterior view of the oesophagus highlighting thoracic vasculature.

The Oesophagus

Diagram illustrating the parts of the stomach.

The Stomach

An anatomical diagram showing the divisions of the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

The Small Intestine

Illustration of the cecum, showing its blind end inferiorly and connection to the ascending colon superiorly.

The Cecum

Illustration showing the common positions of the appendix: retrocecal, post-ileal, pre-ileal, sub-cecal, and pelvic.

The Appendix

The Colon

Diagram of the superior rectal artery, illustrating its anatomical position and supply to the upper rectum.

The Rectum

Illustration of the internal and external anal sphincters in the anal canal.

The Anal Canal

Popular

Illustration of the superficial cerebral veins draining the superior surface of the cerebrum.
Encyclopaedia

Superior Cerebral Veins

by Janani Lambotharan

An anatomical illustration of the right side of the head and neck showing the posterior auricular vein and tributaries in blue, with the retromandibular vein in purple and external jugular vein in green.
Encyclopaedia

Posterior Auricular Vein

by Jared Tang

Posterior view of the left proximal tibiofibular joint.
Joints of the Lower Limb

Tibiofibular Joints

by Schnell D'Sa