The Brainstem

Overview

The brainstem forms the connection between the spinal cord and higher brain centres, coordinating vital autonomic functions and housing cranial nerve nuclei. This section introduces its major components and internal organisation.

Key Structures

Topics include the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Each page highlights the nuclei, pathways and functional zones that define these regions.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Understanding brainstem anatomy is critical for localising neurological deficits, interpreting cranial nerve signs and recognising life-threatening conditions such as stroke and brainstem compression.

+ Read more
Illustration depicting the external anatomy of the midbrain, highlighting details relevant to the oculomotor nerve.

The Midbrain

Illustration of the ventral (anterior) surface of the pons, highlighting its anatomical features.

The Pons

Anterior view of the medulla oblongata, highlighting its surface details.

The Medulla Oblongata

Popular

Superior view of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, highlighting their anatomical arrangement.
Encyclopaedia

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

by Roxanne Salkeld

Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles in the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

by Dr Oliver Jones

Diagram illustrating the superior and inferior branches of the oculomotor nerve within the orbit.
The Cranial Nerves

The Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

by Navin Leanage