Lower Limb

Overview

The Lower Limb movement section uses interactive 3D models to demonstrate how coordinated muscle activity produces movement at the hip, knee and ankle. These models focus on functional anatomy, showing how joints and muscles interact to enable weight-bearing, locomotion and dynamic control during everyday movement and clinical testing.

Key Features

This section includes models illustrating hip flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, internal and external rotation, knee flexion and extension, and ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion. Functional movements such as a leg raise and the walking cycle are also included, highlighting muscle activation patterns and joint mechanics from multiple perspectives.

Learning Focus

These models support understanding of lower limb biomechanics, gait and functional movement patterns. They are particularly valuable for learning clinical examination, interpreting movement abnormalities and understanding anatomy relevant to orthopaedics, neurology, rehabilitation and sports medicine. The visualisation of muscles acting in motion reinforces applied and clinically relevant anatomy.

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Hip Flexion and Extension

Hip Abduction and Adduction

Hip Internal and External Rotation

Knee Flexion and Extension

Ankle Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Ankle Inversion and Eversion

Leg Raise

Walk Cycle

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Illustration of the fourth layer of the plantar muscles, featuring the unipennate plantar interossei and bipennate dorsal interossei.
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Plantar Interossei (Foot)

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Diagram illustrating the superficial branch of the radial nerve.
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Superficial Radial Nerve

by Atilla Emin

Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm

by Dr Oliver Jones