El gastrocnemio es un músculo situado en el compartimento superficial de la parte posterior de la pierna. Tiene una cabeza medial y otra lateral, y forma la característica «pantorrilla» de la pierna. Inserciones: La cabeza lateral se origina en el cóndilo femoral lateral. La cabeza medial se origina en el cóndilo femoral medial. Las dos cabezas se unen para formar un único vientre muscular. En su extremo distal, el vientre muscular se une al músculo sóleo y se forma el tendón calcáneo. Este se inserta en el calcáneo. Acciones: flexión plantar en la articulación del tobillo y flexión en la articulación de la rodilla. Inervación: nervio tibial. Irrigación sanguínea: arterias sural medial y lateral (ramificaciones de la arteria poplítea). By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2026) Fig. 1: los músculos de la capa superficial de la parte posterior de la pierna. Se ha seccionado el cuerpo del músculo gastrocnemio para dejar al descubierto la musculatura subyacente. Pro Feature - 3D Model You've Discovered a Pro Feature Access our 3D Model Library Explore, cut, dissect, annotate and manipulate our 3D models to visualise anatomy in a dynamic, interactive way. Learn More Pro Feature - Dissection Atlas Prosection of the superficial structures of the posterior leg. Prosection of the superficial structures of the posterior leg. You've Discovered a Pro Feature Access our Dissection Image Library Enhance your understanding with high-resolution dissection images showcasing real-life anatomy. Learn More Frequent questions What is the gastrocnemius muscle? The gastrocnemius is a muscle located in the superficial compartment of the posterior leg, characterised by its medial and lateral heads that create the prominent shape of the calf. Where does the gastrocnemius muscle originate? The gastrocnemius has two heads: the lateral head originates from the lateral femoral condyle, while the medial head arises from the medial femoral condyle, both uniting to form a single muscle belly. What are the primary actions of the gastrocnemius? The gastrocnemius muscle primarily facilitates plantarflexion at the ankle joint and assists in flexion at the knee joint, playing a crucial role in walking and running. Which nerve innervates the gastrocnemius muscle? The gastrocnemius is innervated by the tibial nerve, which is responsible for transmitting the motor signals necessary for muscle contraction. How is the gastrocnemius muscle supplied with blood? Blood supply to the gastrocnemius comes from the medial and lateral sural arteries, which are branches of the popliteal artery, ensuring adequate oxygenation and nutrients for muscle function. Rate This Article