Upper Limb

Overview

The Upper Limb movement section uses interactive 3D models to demonstrate how coordinated muscle activity produces movement at the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. These models focus on functional anatomy, showing how joints and muscles work together to generate precise and powerful movements required for everyday tasks and clinical assessment.

Key Features

This section includes models illustrating scapular movements, shoulder movements, deltoid function, elbow pronation and supination, wrist flexion, extension, abduction and adduction, as well as finger movements. Functional actions such as a bicep curl and push-up are also included, highlighting muscle recruitment patterns and joint mechanics from multiple viewing angles.

Learning Focus

These models support understanding of upper limb biomechanics, muscle function and coordinated movement patterns. They are particularly valuable for learning clinical examination of the upper limb, interpreting movement deficits and understanding functional anatomy relevant to orthopaedics, neurology, rehabilitation and sports medicine.

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Scapular Movements

Shoulder Movements

Deltoid Function

Elbow Pronation and Supination

Wrist Adduction and Abduction

Wrist Flexion and Extension

Finger Abduction and Adduction

Finger Flexion and Extension

Bicep Curl

Push-Up

Popular

Nerves of the Upper Limb

The Musculocutaneous Nerve

by Dr Oliver Jones

Illustration depicting the deep muscles of the gluteal region, including the quadratus femoris, obturator internus, piriformis, and gemelli muscles.
Encyclopaedia

Piriformis

by Dr Oliver Jones

Illustration of the azygos venous network draining into the superior vena cava, related to the posterior mediastinum.
Areas of the Thorax

The Posterior Mediastinum

by Vicky Theakston