Nerves of the Lower Limb

Overview

The nerve supply of the lower limb enables movement, sensation and postural control. This section introduces the lumbosacral plexus and its major terminal branches.

Key Structures

Articles cover the sciatic, tibial, common fibular, femoral and obturator nerves along with their sensory and motor distributions. Pathways and anatomical variations are clearly illustrated.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

A detailed understanding of nerve pathways supports localisation of lesions, assessment of motor deficits and evaluation of sensory loss. The content contextualises anatomy with common neuropathies and trauma.

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Diagram illustrating the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region.

The Cutaneous Innervation of the Lower Limb

The Lumbar Plexus

The Sacral Plexus

Diagram showing the anatomical course of the femoral nerve and its two cutaneous branches: anterior cutaneous fibers and saphenous nerve.

The Femoral Nerve

Medial thigh view highlighting the course of the obturator nerve.

The Obturator Nerve

Posterior view of the lower limb showing the exposed sciatic nerve and underlying anatomical structures after removal of the gluteus maximus and minimus.

The Sciatic Nerve

Illustration of the anatomical course of the tibial nerve in the posterior view of the leg, with superficial muscles removed.

The Tibial Nerve

Diagram of the anterior view of the leg highlighting the bifurcation of the common fibular nerve and its relationship with major nerves after the fibularis longus has been removed.

The Common Fibular Nerve

Anatomy diagram illustrating the cutaneous nerves of the foot, highlighting the distribution of the dorsal cutaneous nerves.

The Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

Anatomy diagram illustrating the cutaneous nerves of the foot, highlighting the distribution of the dorsal cutaneous nerves.

The Deep Fibular Nerve

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Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm

by Dr Oliver Jones

Illustration of the articulating surfaces of the metacarpophalangeal joints in the human hand.
Joints of the Upper Limb

The Metacarpophalangeal Joint

by Aren Mnatzakanian

Nerves of the Upper Limb

The Axillary Nerve

by Vidhya Lingamanaicker