Upper Limb – Additional Structures

Overview

Beyond muscles and bones, several specialised structures contribute to the fine control and stability of the upper limb. This section introduces the connective and supporting tissues that enhance precision and dexterity.

Key Structures

Articles include the anatomy of the nail unit, extensor tendon expansion, flexor pulley system, and the fascia and ligaments of the hand. Each topic details structural organisation and its role in movement efficiency.

Clinical Relevance and Learning Focus

Understanding these smaller but significant anatomical components is key for diagnosing hand injuries, tendon disorders and surgical repair planning. The section bridges micro-anatomical detail with functional and clinical relevance.

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Anatomical diagram of the fascia and ligaments on the palmar aspect of the hand.

Fascia and Ligaments of the Hand

Lateral view of the extensor apparatus of the hand, highlighting the insertion points of the lumbrical and interossei muscles.

The Extensor Expansion of the Hand

The Nail Unit

The Flexor Pulley System of the Hand

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Illustration of the superficial muscles of the back, highlighting their anatomical positions.
Encyclopaedia

Rhomboid Minor

by Dr Oliver Jones

Diagram of the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway, illustrating its role in transmitting proprioception, fine touch, and vibration sensations.
Pathways in the Central Nervous System

The Ascending Tracts

by Dr Oliver Jones

Lateral view diagram of the oral muscles of facial expression, highlighting the blending of buccinator and orbicularis oris fibers.
Encyclopaedia

Orbicularis Oris

by Max Bidewell