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Illustration of the articulating surfaces of the acromioclavicular joint.
Joints of the Upper Limb

The Acromioclavicular Joint

The acromioclavicular joint is an articulation in the shoulder region between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula. It is a plane type synovial joint. In this article, we...

Illustration of the superficial muscles of the back, highlighting their anatomical positions.
Muscles of the Back

The Superficial Back Muscles

The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and deep: Superficial – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate – associated with movements of...

Illustration of the posterior surface of the scapula highlighting bony landmarks.
Bones of the Upper Limb

The Scapula

The scapula is also known as the shoulder blade. It articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint, and with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. In doing so, the...

Illustration of the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles in the anterior upper arm.
Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles of the Upper Arm

The upper arm is located between the shoulder joint and elbow joint. It contains four muscles – three in the anterior compartment (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis), and one in the...

Bony landmarks of the inferior surface of the clavicle.
Bones of the Upper Limb

The Clavicle

...In thin individuals, it is visible under the skin. The clavicle has three main functions: Attaches the upper limb to the trunk as part of the ‘shoulder girdle’. Protects the...

Nerves of the Upper Limb

The Musculocutaneous Nerve

...Functions The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm: Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis These muscles flex the upper arm at the shoulder and the elbow....

Illustration of the proximal aspect of the humerus, highlighting the greater and lesser tuberosities for muscle attachment.
Bones of the Upper Limb

The Humerus

The humerus is a long bone of the upper limb, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The proximal aspect of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of...

Nerves of the Upper Limb

The Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb

...anatomy of both the peripheral nerve and dermatome patterns of cutaneous innervation of the upper limb. Shoulder Region The cutaneous sensation to the shoulder region is supplied mainly by the...

Diagram illustrating the supraclavicular nerves originating from a common trunk near the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
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Supraclavicular Nerves

The supraclavicular nerves are branches of the cervical plexus within the root of the neck and clavicular region. They contribute to the sensory innervation of the upper chest and shoulder....

Illustration of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint.
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Supraspinatus

The supraspinatus is an intrinsic muscle of the shoulder region. It is part of the rotator cuff muscle group. Attachments: Originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and attaches...

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