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Deltoid
…nerve. Actions: Anterior fibres – flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder Posterior fibres – extension and lateral rotation at the shoulder Middle fibres – abduction at the shoulder (takes…
Supraspinatus
The supraspinatus is an intrinsic muscle of the shoulder region. It is part of the rotator cuff muscle group. Attachments: Originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and attaches…
Joint Stability
…the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. If there is a loss of tone, such as in old age or stroke, the shoulder can dislocate. Dislocations of the shoulder joint…
The Superficial Back Muscles
The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and deep: Superficial – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate – associated with movements of…
The Scapula
The scapula is also known as the shoulder blade. It articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint, and with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. In doing so, the…
The Humerus
The humerus is a long bone of the upper limb, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The proximal aspect of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of…
Subscapular Artery
The subscapular artery is a branch of the axillary artery. It provides arterial supply to muscles and skin of the shoulder, thoracic wall and upper limb. Course The subscapular artery…
Latissimus Dorsi
The latissimus dorsi is an extrinsic muscle of the shoulder. Attachments: Originates from the spinous processes of T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and the inferior three ribs. The fibres converge…
The Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
…the patient to rotate their head and shrug their shoulders, both normally and against resistance. Simply observing the patient may also reveal signs of muscle wasting in the sternocleidomastoid and…
The Clavicle
…In thin individuals, it is visible under the skin. The clavicle has three main functions: Attaches the upper limb to the trunk as part of the ‘shoulder girdle’. Protects the…