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Anatomical Terms of Location
…to the vertical axis. Superior means ‘higher’, inferior means ‘lower’. The head is superior to the neck; the umbilicus is inferior to the sternum. Here we run into a small…
The Fibula
…end, the fibula has an enlarged head, which contains a facet for articulation with the lateral condyle of the tibia. On the posterior and lateral surface of the fibular neck,…
The Temporomandibular Joint
…of the articular tubule to the mandibular neck. It is a thickening of the joint capsule, and acts to prevent posterior dislocation of the joint. Sphenomandibular ligament – originates from…
The Muscles of Mastication
…to the neck of the mandible. Actions: Bilateral action – protraction of the mandible and depression of the chin. Unilateral action – ‘side to side’ movement of the jaw. Innervation:…
The Pericardium
…providing motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm. Originating in the neck and travelling down through the thoracic cavity, the phrenic nerve is a common source of referred pain, with…
The Extraocular Muscles
…the sympathetic trunk in the neck: Partial ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid) – Due to denervation of the superior tarsal muscle. Miosis (pupillary constriction) – Due to denervation of…
The Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
…relatively uncommon cranial nerve palsy. Possible causes include head & neck malignancy and penetrating traumatic injuries. If the symptoms are accompanied by acute pain, a possible cause may be dissection…
The Pleurae
…Lines the extension of the pleural cavity into the neck. Costal pleura – Covers the inner aspect of the ribs, costal cartilages, and intercostal muscles. Diaphragmatic pleura – Covers the…
The Penis
…a double layer of skin and fascia, located at the neck of the glans. It covers the glans to a variable extent. The prepuce is connected to the surface of…
The Prostate Gland
…– its structure, vasculature and innervation, We shall also consider its clinical correlations. Anatomical Position The prostate is positioned inferiorly to the neck of the bladder and superiorly to the…