The Vertebral Artery - Podcast Version TeachMeAnatomy 0:00 / 0:00 1x 0.25x 0.5x 0.75x 1x 1.25x 1.5x 1.75x 2x The vertebral artery is one of a pair of vessels that forms a crucial component of the arterial supply to the brain. Together, the vertebral arteries contribute to the posterior circulation – supplying the brainstem, cerebellum and posterior aspects of the cerebrum. In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the vertebral artery – its course, supply and clinical relevance. Pro Feature - 3D Model You've Discovered a Pro Feature Access our 3D Model Library Explore, cut, dissect, annotate and manipulate our 3D models to visualise anatomy in a dynamic, interactive way. Learn More Course The vertebral artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery within the root of the neck. It ascends superiorly through the neck by passing through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae (typically C6–C1). During this part of its course, it gives rise to small spinal and muscular branches, which supply surrounding structures. After exiting the transverse foramen of C1, the artery passes posteromedially within the suboccipital triangle, looping posteriorly around the lateral mass of the atlas. The vertebral artery then enters the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum. Here, it runs along the anteromedial surface of the medulla oblongata. During its intracranial course, several key branches arise: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Posterior spinal artery Anterior spinal artery At the junction of the medulla and pons (the pontomedullary junction), the vertebral artery terminates by uniting with its contralateral counterpart to form the basilar artery. By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2026) Fig 1Course of the vertebral artery within the neck. Biodigital Human 2016 Fig 2The suboccipital triangle. It can be used to locate the vertebral artery, as shown on this illustration. Supply The vertebral artery supplies the following structures through its branches: Anterior and posterior spinal arteries – supply the superior spinal cord. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery – supplies the cerebellum and lateral medulla oblongata. Medullary branches – supply the medulla oblongata. Meningeal branches – supply the dura mater. Basilar artery – contributes to the supply of the posterior cerebrum. Clinical Relevance Vertebral Artery Dissection A vertebral artery dissection is a tear in the inner lining of the vessel, allowing blood to track within the arterial wall. This can result in luminal narrowing, thrombus formation and subsequent ischaemia of posterior circulation structures. The vertebral artery is particularly vulnerable where its course is tortuous and mobile. After exiting the transverse foramen of C1, it lies within the suboccipital triangle – where it is susceptible to stretching and injury during neck rotation and extension. Dissection may also occur following cervical spine trauma, particularly fractures involving the transverse foramina. Patients typically present with neck pain or occipital headache, followed by features of posterior circulation stroke, such as dizziness, ataxia or visual disturbance. Do you think you’re ready? Take the quiz below Pro Feature - Quiz The Vertebral Artery Question 1 of 3 Submitting... Skip Next Rate question: You scored 0% Skipped: 0/3 1800 More Questions Available Upgrade to TeachMeAnatomy Pro Challenge yourself with over 1800 multiple-choice questions to reinforce learning Learn More Rate This Article