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The Pericardium

…a key example being shoulder pain experienced as a result of pericarditis. Clinical Relevance Cardiac Tamponade The relatively inextensible fibrous pericardium can cause problems when there is an accumulation of…

The Axilla Region

…quadrangular space. This is a gap in the posterior wall of the axilla, allowing access to the posterior arm and shoulder area. Structures passing through include the axillary nerve and…

Classification of Joints

…It permits free movement in numerous axes. E.g. hip joint, shoulder joint. By OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Fig 3 – The different types of synovial joint….

The Cervical Spine

…A rear-end traffic collision or a poorly performed rugby tackle can both result in the head being whipped back on the shoulders, causing whiplash. In minor cases, the anterior longitudinal…

Myotomes

…flexion. The table below details which movement is most associated with each myotome: Upper Limb Lower Limb C5 – Shoulder abduction C6 – Elbow flexion C7 – Elbow extension C8…

The Intermediate Back Muscles

The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and intrinsic: Superficial – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate – associated with movements of…

The Intrinsic Back Muscles

The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and intrinsic: Superficial – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate – associated with movements of…

Biceps Brachii

…distally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis. Function: Supination of the forearm, flexion at the elbow and shoulder. Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve. Blood…

Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb

…cephalic vein generally cross the proximal part of the arm and shoulder to enter the apical axillary lymph nodes, though some exceptions instead enter the more superficial deltopectoral lymph nodes….

The Upper Limb

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